Background: Urinary bladder cancer (UBC), the most common urinary tract cancer and the ninth 
most common cancer worldwide. Livin is the most recently identified member of the inhibitor of 
apoptosis family. High expression levels of Livin may influence the prognosis of different types of 
cancer. The aim of current study is to investigate the relation between Livin expression and the 
clinicopathological features of UBC. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for Livin was 
performed on 60 cases of urinary bladder cancer divided into; 43 cases of transitional cell carcinoma 
and 17 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Results: As regarding transitional cell carcinoma, Livin 
high expression was detected in 48.8% of cases. A statistically significant association was observed 
between Livin high expression and higher tumor grade, advanced tumor stage (P value > 0.001, 0.001 
respectively), larger tumor size and tumor multifocality (P value = 0.001, 0.035 respectively). As 
regarding squamous cell carcinoma, Livin high expression was detected in 52.9% of cases. A 
statistically significant association was observed between Livin high expression and higher tumor 
grade (P value > 0.001), advanced tumor stage, larger tumor size and tumor multifocality (P value = 
0.018, 0.012, 0.019 respectively). Conclusion: Livin high expression could be considered as poor 
prognostic marker in the evaluation of patients with urinary bladder cancer, Livin can play essential 
role in the pathogenesis, aggressiveness, invasion, and progression of UBC.