Objectives: to evaluate the effect of adenotonsillectomy (AT) on the intelligence of children with 
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) due to adenoid hypertrophy. Patients and Methods: 50 children 
with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).They were 24 males (48%) and 26 females (52%), with a 
mean age 101.5±15.6 and a range of (72-120) months. All children of study group were subjected to 
complete history taking preoperative assessment to exclude any other medical problems, full ENT 
examination, lateral X-ray nasopharyngeal radiographs, tympanometry for cases suspected to have 
middle ear effusion, routine lab investigations, neuropsychiatric evaluation was performed using 
Stanford-Binet test Intelligence Scales-Fifth Edition, all children underwent adenotonsillectomy by 
senior staff, 8 months after adenotonsillectomy neurocognitive testing was followed. Results: 
Children with OSAS had lower scores in inteligence quotient indicating impaired neurocognitive 
function but, 8 months after adenotonsillectomy, the children with OSAS demonstrated significant
improvement in inteligence quotient.