Background: Hearing loss has become the fourth leading cause of disability globally. Disabling hearing loss impairs interpersonal communication, psychosocial wellbeing, academic and professional career opportunities, economic independence, and quality of life. The study aimed to detect hearing loss incidence and Identify risk factors by using Auditory Brainstem Response tests among neonates. Design: A cross-sectional research design was used to achieve the aim of the current study. Sample: 463 neonates included in the study were calculated using the Epi Info program. Setting: This study was conducted at Minia Eastern Health Center and Minia Western Health Center in Minia City. Tools: two tools were used; Tool I included three parts: The first part related to: Mother and neonate Socio-demographic data, the second part related to: The medical history of the mother, and the third part related to risk factors of the mother. Tool II: Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) test. Results: most common maternal risk factors were caesarean section delivery , gestational diabetes, premature rupture of membrane and pre-eclampsia. Regarding neonatal risk factors to hearing loss were neonatal respiratory distress, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal hypoxia. Conclusion: caesarean section and gestational diabetes were most common maternal risk factors also, neonatal respiratory distress, and admission to neonatal intensive care unit were the most common neonatal risk factors, the majority of the studied neonates not had hearing loss and the minority of them had hearing loss in unilateral ears.  Recommendation: Health education to mothers about the risk factors of hearing impairment.