Sixty five actinomycetes isolates were collected from different Egyptian and Libyan soils. Forty eight isolates from the collected actinomycetes were found to be active against some tested pathogenic bacteria. Two different actinomycetes isolates (one from each country) which showed considerable higher antibacterial activity were identified as Streptomyces pluricolorescens and Streptomyces alni. They were also selected for optimizing the best conditions for their antibacterial activity production. The optimum incubation period, temperature and initial pH of medium for the maximum antibacterial yield were 5 days, 30^oC and pH 7, respectively, for both of Streptomyces species. The maximum antibacterial production was observed on Dox and starch ammonium sulfate media for S. pluricolorescens, while starch nitrate was the most suitable media for S. alni antibacterial productivity.