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Study of Azole Susceptibility and Virulence Patterns of Vulvovaginal Candida Species in Menoufia, Egypt

Article

Last updated: 05 Jan 2025

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Subjects

-

Tags

Clinical microbiology

Abstract

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common forms of superficial fungal infections. Azoles are the first line antifungals used in the treatment and prevention of VVC. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of VVC with evaluation of the potential risk factors. Also, to assess azoles susceptibility patterns with association to biofilm formation and to detect candidal virulence genes (HWP1, ALS1 and INT1) and ERG11 gene expression. Methodology: Evaluation of vaginal infection risk factors was achieved by a designed questionnaire. Candida strains isolated from high vaginal swab samples were identified up to species level by conventional methods. Assessment of antifungal susceptibility patterns (by disk diffusion method) and phenotypic detection of biofilm formation were also performed followed by molecular detection of virulence genes (HWP1, ALS1 and INT1) by multiplex PCR and ERG11 gene expression by real time PCR. Results: VVC represented 33.9% of vaginal infections. C. albicans was the predominant isolated species (62.4%). The highest resistance rate (40%) was observed to itraconazole and the lowest (12.9%) was to voriconazole. Biofilm formation rate was 51.8% by cultivation on Congo red agar and 57.6% by microtiter plate method. About, 79.6%, 71.4% and 81.6% of biofilm producers carried HWP1, ALS1 and INT1 virulence genes respectively. ERG11 gene Overexpression was detected in 31% of fluconazole resistant Candida isolates. Conclusion: Evaluation of VVC risk factors can help in the implementation of appropriate preventative measures. The elevated azoles resistance rates among Candida spp necessitates the critical need for new alternative therapeutic approaches

DOI

10.21608/ejmm.2022.262689

Keywords

VVC, Fluconazole, Biofilm, Virulence, ERG11

Authors

First Name

Soma

Last Name

Ajlan

MiddleName

Elsayed

Affiliation

Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine، Menoufia University,Egypt

Email

dr.soma2007@yahoo.com

City

shebin elkom

Orcid

0000-0002-7791-2097

First Name

Esraa

Last Name

Elmahdy

MiddleName

El Sayed

Affiliation

Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

Email

dr_esraa_elmahdy87@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Asmaa

Last Name

Sleem

MiddleName

Shaaban

Affiliation

Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

Email

sasmaashaaban@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Eman

Last Name

Zaher

MiddleName

Mohammed

Affiliation

Clinical pathology , faculty of medicine Menoufia University

Email

zahereman2011@yahoo.com

City

Shibin El kom

Orcid

0000-0001-6186-2710

First Name

Noha

Last Name

Sayed Ahmed

MiddleName

Fathy

Affiliation

3Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

Email

fnoha88@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Ghadeer

Last Name

Elsheikh.

MiddleName

Maher

Affiliation

4Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

Email

ghadeer_maher@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

31

Article Issue

4

Related Issue

36977

Issue Date

2022-10-01

Receive Date

2022-10-01

Publish Date

2022-10-01

Page Start

61

Page End

69

Print ISSN

1110-2179

Online ISSN

2537-0979

Article File

EJMM_Volume 31_Issue 4_Pages 61-69.pdf

PDF . 539.9kB

Link

https://ejmm.journals.ekb.eg/article_262689.html

Detail API

https://ejmm.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=262689

Order

262,689

Type

New and original researches in the field of Microbiology.

Type Code

2,038

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Publication Link

https://ejmm.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Study of Azole Susceptibility and Virulence Patterns of Vulvovaginal Candida Species in Menoufia, Egypt

Details

Type

Article

Created At

23 Jan 2023