The argumentation is a linguistic phenomenon inherited in our daily and official discourses. However, his real fields are rhetoric, philosophy, and jurisprudence, because all these areas are in need of debate, discussion, dialogue and interaction in order to proof the idea of the orator.
It is worth mentioning that the roots of argumentation are the religious, political, cultural, philosophical and educational discourses. All these discourses include speaker, listener and orator.
The argumentation speeches belong to the Athenian civilization since the fifth century BC.; a group of orator teachers were, in exchange for high prices, teaching oratory to the children of rich and noble families for some political occasions. Their lessons were based on the rhetoric of illusion and fallacy in order to deceive certain crowds of people.
This work provoked the great philosopher Plato, who glorified the mind, while his disciple Aristotle divided rhetoric into three sections; ceremonial, advisory, and Olympic rhetoric
The rhetoric developed in the reign of Aristotle and his mentor, in addition to Cicero and Quintilian, but it stepped back until the Czech lawmaker (Chaime Pirelman), who restored the glory of rhetoric in his famous book "The New Rhetoric" which co-authored with the linguist Lucy Olbericht (1958).
This rhetoric was crystallized with Stefan Ullmann in his book "The Uses of Evidence and Argument" and Charles Hamelan in his book "Illusions"
These researchers are called neo-rhetoricians. Their rhetoric uses rhetorical and logical mechanisms, techniques and all the used strategies by the speaker to convince the listener. Therefore, rhetoric is closely related to argumentation where persuasion is based on honesty, illusion and wrongness.
Accordingly, I will tackle in my research some images of illusion and fallacy in a group of sermons by Al-Hajaj Ibin Yusuf al-Thaqafi.
The study has adopted pragmatic method to reveal the mechanisms of argumentation used by his messenger orator to misunderstand his audience when Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr was killed in the Kaaba. With some other quoted speeches.