This research investigated the cyclic behaviour of fully encased 
composite (FEC) columns. By constructing and investigating 
thirty-six FEC columns to increase the strength and performance 
of composite columns subjected to combined axial and cyclically 
increasing lateral loads. The goal of this research is to investigate 
the effect of the axial load ratio and concrete reinforcing bars on 
the behaviour of composite columns subjected to combined axial 
and cyclically increasing lateral loads. Finite element analysis 
was performed on each specimen, taking into account the 
inelastic behaviour of concrete, structural steel, and longitudinal 
and transverse steel bars. In this research, the finite element 
models created in ANSYS software were verified and calibrated 
against previously published experimental results. FEC columns 
are studied in terms of hysteretic performance, load-carrying 
capacity, energy dissipation capacity, ductility, and stiffness 
degradation. The composite columns provide an interesting result 
in the numerical simulation.