In this research paper, we will address the factors and manifestations of damage affecting the stone statues in the open environment, where the factors destructive to the statues are divided into natural factors, which occur without human intervention, that is, by nature, and have the largest selling of the factors of damage and are represented in the effect of heat, humidity, wind, earthquakes and salts individually or Reciprocally, and biological factors and are represented in the biological impact of living organisms such as birds, animals, insects and microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae, in addition to human factors that occur by humans, whether deliberate such as wars and political hostilities and reusing the effect for another purpose or unintentionally such as wrong restoration work and lack of awareness The archaeological sense and the impact of air pollution due to human action, and finally the study of the internal damage factors of the stone, which arise either from the internal components of the stone or defects in the operation of the stone.