The aim of this prospective randomized study is to compare single session endoscopic and laparoscopic management of concurrent cholodocolithiasis and cholecystolithiasis with the current practice where laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed days after endoscopic stone extraction. Patients and methods: This study was performed on 62 patients with concurrent cholodocolithiasis and cholecystolithiasis randomly categorized into 2 groups through a computer randomization program. Group I (30 patients) underwent endoscopic stone extraction and Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) during the same session. This group was compared to 32 patients (Group II) who underwent endoscopic stone extraction and LC at least 3 days later. Results: The characteristics of the two treatment groups, including baseline preoperative laboratory results showed no significant difference. In group I mean operative time was 97.3±17.9 minutes. In group II, collective mean operative time was 104±13.6 minutes (P = 0.27). Mean hospitalization time was 2.33±1.45 in Group I and 2.94±1.29 days in Group II (P = 0.23). Mean Time to return to normal activity was16.2±3.49 and 15.9±4.31 days (p = 0.85). Success rate of endoscopic procedures was 90 % and 93.75% (P = 0.67). Pancreatitis was observed in 2 patients in each group. Sphincterotomy related hemorrhage occurred in one patient in each group. One patient in group II experienced cholangitis. Total rates of endoscopic complications were 10% and 12.5 % (P = 1.000). Complications of ERCP were treated conservatively. No mortality was observed in both groups. Bile duct injury was not observed in this study. The overall LC related morbidity (including conversion) was 1/27 in group I and 2/30 in group II (P = 1.000). Level of direct bilirubin returned to normal values in the blood 9 days after procedure in both groups. Mean patient satisfaction score was 8.20±1.47 versus 8.44±1.50 (p = 0.66). Conclusion:  Endoscopic  stone  extraction  and  LC  performed  during  the  same  session is feasible, safe and effective alternative to two-stage ERCP and LC for concurrent cholodocolithiasis and cholecystolithiasis . It has many advantages including avoiding a second procedure without increasing the length of operation, hospital stay or conversion rates to open procedure. We recommend more studies to be done on this subject before its routine recommendation in surgical practice.