Background:   Choledocholithiasis is   the    second-most     common    complication    of cholecystolithiasis,  occurring in approximately  10-15% of patients. For choledocholithiasis, there are  two  methods   for CBD  exploration  to  extract  stones:  either  endoscopically,  by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with or without sphincterotomy, or surgically, by an open or laparoscopic method  Open CBD exploration has been the principal treatment in many hospitals and is still considered the gold  standard  for the removal of CBD stones.   Following  common bile duct  (CBD) exploration  and stone removal,  the choice  for closure  of the incised  bile  duct lies  between  primary  closure and  T-tube drainage.  There are many  papers reported  by different authors,  which support the direct closure of the duct immediately after exploration. The aim ofthis study was to assess the clinical short-term results and benefits of primary closure of the common bile duct after open choledochotomy  for CBD calculi in a developing country like Egypt. Methods: Between December 2010 and December 2013; 74 patients with a radiological evidence of common bile duct stones were admitted and treated at the Gastrointestinal Surgery Unit, Main Alexandria University Hospitalin whom the common bile duct diameter was equal to or larger than 8 mm. Those associated with distal CBD strictures, multiple intrahepatic calculi, or malignancy were excluded  After approval of local ethics committees, all patients included in this study were informed well about the operative procedure and an informed written consent was obtained  from every patient before carrying  the procedure.   All patients'  data, surgical procedures, complications and  follow-up details were collected and analyzed Results:  CBD exploration and stone removal  followed by primary closure was performed in all patients. The mean age of patients was 55.3 ±15.7 years {range, 37-75 years). Most of the patients presented  with biliary  colic (74%). Sixty-seven  patients  {90%) had  concomitant gallstones  as evident by preoperative abdominal ultrasound  The mean diameter of CBD was 12.3 ±3.2mm {range, 8-27mm). Themaximumnumberofstoneswas 14. The total complication rate was 54% (4174) and included wound infection with delayed wound healing and bileleakage. One patient had a bile leakage that subsided on the third postoperative day. There was no post­ operative biliary obstruction,  residual  stones, cholangitis,  pancreatitis,  biliary peritonitis  or intra-abdominal collections. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.2 ± 1 days. There was no perioperativemortality. The mean durationof follow-up was 10.8 ± 3.2 months {range, 4-18 months). There was no recurrence of CBD stones or stricture of bile ducts observed during the follow up period and postoperative ultrasound findings were normal. Conclusion: Primary closure of the CBD after open choledochotomy for choledocholithiasis is safe, feasible and effective with shorter hospital stays and lower costs.