Background: Failure of arteriovenous fistula to mature is a devastating problem in patients requiring  regular  haemodylasis.  Many factors  might  be incriminated  in such dilemma. Aim: to evaluate different factors that might affect arteriovenous fistula maturation in a prospective study. Methods: Fifty patients (31 males & 19 females) with end stage renal disease and requiring regular haemodialysis underwent their suitable fistulas. Successful fistulas were categorized into early matured or delayed one, where by mature fistulas were those matured in  6 weeks. Fistulas' maturation was evaluated in respect to the association of certain risk factors such as gender, age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity & hepatitis-C virus or the type of fistula selected. Results: Female gender and the association of diabetes adversely affect the maturation of fistulas. Fistula early maturation was lower in females (28.6 vs 59.1, P<0.05) Also.fistula early maturation was lower in diabetics versus non-diabetics (28.6 vs.63.6, P<0.05). Similarly; proximal  fistulas  matured  early  than  distal  one    (71.4  vs   28.6,  P