Cattle have an economic importance in New Valley governorate. Emaciation and poor production of cattle were the main complains of farmers. The aim of the present work is to identify the real causes of ill-thriftiness in cattle in New-Valley Governorate And evaluate the relation between emaciation and clinical sign, the hematological, biochemical parameters in blood serum of cattle and parasitology for fecal sample of emaciated cattle. This study was conducted for a period from July 2021 to June 2022. A total number of 200 cattle of different ages, sexes, and breeds from different localities in new valley governorate; EI-Karga, EL-Dakhla and Balat, classified into two groups first one includes 170 emaciated cattle and second group include (30) cattle is consider as healthy cattle (control). My study carried out on body condition score (1, 2). Clinical examination showed decrease in body weight, not increase in BW, dehydration, pale conjunctival mucous membranes (signs of anemia), infertility, reduced milk production, pica, and heavy infestation by tick. The results of hematological analysis showed that significant decrease of RBC and Hb concentration in BCS1 and BCS2, Additionally, HCT and ESINO showed significant increase in BCS1 While the results of biochemical serum analysis explained that significant decrease of serum Ca²⁺, P³⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺⁺ and Gl in BCS1. On the other hand, there was significant decrease of serum P³⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺⁺, and Gl concentrations were decreased in BCS2 when compared to control. The activity of liver enzymes was noted there was significant decrease of AST activity in BCS1and BCS2. While serum creatinine was significant decrease in BCS1 when compared toBCS2 and control. The results of fecal examination showed that the highest prevalence of infection was infected by protozoa, followed by infected by nematode and the lowest rate was infected by trematode. The results of the present study indicate that ill-thriftiness in cattle occur because of bad management, nutritional deficiency, and failure to use anthelmintic regularly in periodic system for eliminate both external and internal parasites, Also the nature of the soil, water, and climate in the New Valley Governorate. Identification of the risk factors associated with ill-thrift may provide useful information, which assist to construct the suitable preventive measures.