The incidence of repeat breaders among buffaloes in Assiut province was found to be 22% By modification of the “Hauptner" biopsy instrument, it was possible to obtain a representative of endometrial sample. The pathological changes found to be responsible for repeat breading in buffaloes were chronic catarrhal endometritis, acute catarrhal endometritis and endometrial atrophy. The evaluation of the biopsy sample for the histopathologicab diagnosis as well as for the determination of the reproductive prog nosis of buffaloe cows was discussed.