A total of 480 freshly dead laying hens procured from local governmental farms at Assiut Governorate were surveyed for the pathological affections of the reproductive tract and their causative agents. Grossty abnormal 100 reproductive tracts were collected and examined pathologically and microbiologically. The main types of pathological changes were: Oophoritis (23%), salpingitis (30%), egg peritonitis (14%), egg bound (4%), internal laying (2%), ruptured oviduct (2%), degenerated ovarian follicles (10%), cystic oviducts (6%) and cystic ovaries (7%). The isolated bacterial agents were : Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli (036: Ko1), Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter cloacae and Yersinia enterocolitica. No viral agents were recovered from the examined reproductive tracts. The obtained data indicate that the demonstrated pathological changes have adverse effects on the productivity of the laying hens. Moreover, the present study has a public health importance as some of the isolated bacterial agents can be transmitted in the contents of table eggs.