Metritis and endometritis are inflammations of the uterus. Metritis involves the endometrium, the underlying glandular tissues and the muscular layers. Endometritis involves only the endometrium and the underlying glandular tissues. Uterine inflammation is the consequence of a rupture in balance between attack and defence factors. This is the case when hygiene rules are missing at the time of birth, which often leads to a premature reform of the female. Accordingly, an analytical and descriptive study of the genital sphere was carried out on 50 cows at the slaughter-house of Tiaret (Algeria), for various causes of infertility. 264 Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 52 No. 109 April 2006 Results of this study showed that 82 % of the cases presented an attack of the endometrium. For all this animals, the ante-mortem examination did not let appear signs in favour of metritis. The uterine histo pathological examination is the only way which made it possible to confirm the existence of typical uterine inflammatory lesions.