Trace elements are the basic components of enzymes and co-enzymes in the biochemistry of ruminants. They function in all aspects of life, from energy production, blood homeostasis, to digestion and reproduction. Thus, their deficiency often leads to sub-optimal growth (ill-thrift) and infertility. The objectives of this study were to evaluate some trace elements concentrations and the activity of antioxidant systems in ill-thrift calves. Twenty calves were divided in two groups: ten in group 1 (control) and ten in group 2, which showed sub-optimal growth. Complete blood picture, trace elements profile and total antioxidants capacity were evaluated. Results showed a significant reduction (P<0.01) in the blood serum concentration of copper and cobalt associated with microcytic normochromic anemia. Also a significant reduction (P<0.01) in the activity of total antioxidants was evident in ill-thrift calves. In conclusion, a state of sub-optimal growth (ill-thrift) in calves was largely attributed to trace element deficiency, in particular cupper and cobalt deficiency that may cause reduction in the total antioxidant capacity, with a lower ability to reduce oxidative compounds.