The population of the wild Egyptian lesser blind mole rat (Spalax leucodon Egyptiacus) is in decline, but the pathologies contributing to this are uncertain. Here we establish the cause of death in seven blind mole rats that died naturally in the wild. All the animals had large pulmonary lesions that on microscopic, microbiological, and ultrastructural analysis were shown to contain mixed infections with Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus candidus. Some of the lesions were circumscribed with fibroblastic proliferation and inflammatory response. The lungs had haemorrhage and chronic inflammatory response to the organisms, which is likely to have been the cause of death. This is the first report of some pathogenic organisms resulting in death of the blind mole rat.