Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi is an important ectoparasites in rabbits. The acaricidal activity of aqueous extract of neem (AEN) and deltamethrin (DMT) were evaluated. Rabbits were classified into four equal groups. The first group represented the negative control group. Each rabbit of the other groups was experimentally infested with 50 mites. One month post-infestation, the second group considered as the positive control group. The third group was treated topically with DMT 0.005 % solution. Finally, the fourth group was treated topically with 25 % AEN. In vitro, AEN (40 %) was highly efficacious against larvae of S. scabiei var. cuniculi as 100 % mortality was reached 24 h post-treatment (PT). In vivo, Twenty-eight days PT, the reduction percentages of mites infesting rabbits were 93.07 and 92.81 % for DMT and AEN, respectively, while complete mite reduction was reached 42 days PT with AEN. All biochemical analyses & growth performance parameters returned to normal levels in AEN & DMT treated rabbits at 28 & 42 days PT. Our study indicated that AEN had in vitro and in rabbits acaricidal efficiency similar to that of DMT and improved the performance of rabbits without inducing adverse effects on treated rabbits.