Despite the great interest in the success of protected agriculture for some vegetable crops in new lands with large areas, the expansion of protected agriculture is not to the extent commensurate with Egypt's capabilities in that field, which necessitates encouraging protected agriculture with new lands to achieve maximum benefit from land and water suppliers. Doubling the production of those crops, in addition to trying to control prices in the local market that suffers from fluctuations in the prices of vegetables, and working to increase the rates of exporting Egyptian agricultural products and achieving a surplus that contributes to increasing the proceeds of foreign exchange, in addition to maximizing the economic return from the area and water units through similar to traditional farming.  The main objective of the research is a comparative economic study of pepper production in open and protected agriculture in the Nubaria region.
                The research revealed that the percentage of pepper in Nubaria in relation to the total area of the republic ranged between a minimum of about 11.18% in 2013 and a maximum of about 25% in 2005 with an engineering average of about 15.57%. While the production rate ranged between a minimum of about 11.43% in 2019 and a maximum of about 29.13% in 2005, with an engineering average of about 18.58%.
                A study of comparing the productivity of feddan and the water needs of the pepper crop with open and protected cultivation showed that the productivity of the feddan of pepper crop reached about 15.7 tons / feddan in open cultivation, while it reached about 49.72 tons / feddan in protected cultivation with an increase of about 34.02 tons / feddan, representing an increase of 216.69 %, equivalent to 2 times the production in open cultivation.
                By comparing the feddan water needs of the pepper crop in open and protected cultivation, it turns out that the average water consumption of the pepper crop was about 3101 m³ / feddan in open cultivation, while it reached about 1049 m³ / feddan in protected cultivation. The estimated amount of water saving per feddan was about 2052 m3 representing about 66.17% of the water needs feddan of the crop.
                In light of the research  results, it is recommended to expand the cultivation of the pepper crop in the greenhouses at the expense of the open land to exploit the open spaces to produce other strategic crops on the one hand, in addition to benefiting from the high productivity of the production that exceeds 3 times the open land, as well as clean production free of pesticides are healthy for the population and conform to the phytosanitary standards and requirements necessary for export. In addition to saving large quantities of water that can be used to produce other crops.