Cadmium is a highly toxic metal with a very long half-life of 20-30 years in humans and accumulates in soft tissues, kidneys, and the liver.Aim of the study:The study aimed to assess the possible influence of occupational exposure to cadmium as well as smoking cigarettes on renal and liver functions in iron steel manufacturing. This cross-sectional study evaluated liver, kidney function, oxidative stress and lipid per oxidation among smoker and non smoker workers in iron-steelmanufacturing(mean age, 35 years) in Egypt.We measured the plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), albumin, creatinine, uric acid (UA), urea, cu/zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), blood hemoglobin and β2-microglobulin in urine, adjusting for smokingand the amount of cigarette smoked. Subjects were stratified into direct and indirect exposure according to their place of exposure. Our results show positive associations between exposure to cadmium and adverse effect on Hb, reductase GSH, cu/zn SOD and GGT.
 
The outcomes due to acute and prolonged chronic cadmium exposure are oxidative stress, anemia, renal and liver dysfunctions.
Cadmium, Renal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, Smoking