Background: Amblyopia is one of the most common causes of visual loss in children affecting 0.2% to 1.1% of school going children. A difference in refractive error between the two eyes (anisometropia) is a common cause of amblyopia, being present as the only identifiable amblyogenic factor in 37% of cases and present concomitantly with strabismus in an additional 24% of clinical populations.
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular thickness in different types of amblyopia using optical optical coherence tomography.
Patients and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Ophthalmology Departments of Menoufia University Hospitals. It was carried out on 144 eyes of 72 patients with unilateral amblyopia divided as strabismic amblyopic group (n= 24), derivational amblyopic group (n=11) and anisometropic amblyopic group (n=37).
Results: there was no statistically significant differences in the mean of RNFL thickness and also mean of central & average macular thickness in amblyobic eye compared to fellow eye in all groups expect in (Deprivational group) there was highly statistically significant decrease in the mean of inferior RNFL thickness & highly statistically significant increase in the mean of central macular thickness in amblyobic eye compared to fellow eye.
Conclusion: These findings suggested that there no changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular thichness in different types of amblyopia using optical optical coherence tomography except in Deprivational group .