Neurotrophin concentrations were linked to preterm birth difficulties, birth weight and gestational age as a whole and/or to premature birth in the past. Neurotrophins in the blood of preterm infants and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia have been linked to long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in this research. The research was done on 174 preterm neonates hospitalised to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Benha University Hospital between April 2019 and May 2020, after their parents signed an informed consent form. However, owing to kit limitations and for statistical correlation, a total of 90 cases were examined, 30 instances in each group being randomly assigned to a blinded group. The research was given the go light by the hospital's ethical scientific committee. Group 1 (preterm with BPD), Group 2 (preterm without BPD), and Group 3 (preterm without BPD) were each subdivided into 30 cases (Healthy preterm as a control group), Those who survived the first 24 hours of life were asked to come back for a follow-up visit to be enrolled in neurodevelopmental testing using Bayley Scales Of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III) at 24 months of age corrected age, and those who didn't were asked to come back for a second visit to be enrolled in the BSID-III. Results: Serum BDNF and NGF levels at birth in groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than in groups 3 and 4, whereas levels in groups 3 were significantly lower than in groups 1 and 2. Invasive mechanical ventilation and supplementary oxygenation, as well as the development of bronchiolitis obliterans (BPD), are associated with lower BDNF serum concentrations at birth. Neurodevelopmental outcomes may be predicted by the level of NGF in a baby's blood at birth. We can increase our capacity to predict at birth whether a baby will be diagnosed with BPD and their long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes by measuring the concentration of serum neurotrophic factors in preterm neonates.