Abstract
Osteoarthritis is characterized by the progressive degradation of joint cartilage and secondary inflammation of synovial membranes. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of glucosamine sulfate (GLAS) and ginger (GR) water extract on the nutritional status and some biochemical changes of blood and Knee tissue in osteoarthritis rats. Thirty six healthy Sprague–Dawley adult albino rats were classified into six groups. The first and second groups were normal control and GLAS groups while the other four groups injected Knee intra-articular with monosodium iodoacetate to induce osteoarthritis. The osteoarthritis rats were classified into positive group and three treated groups with GLAS, ginger (GR) and GLAS+GR. Rats were sacrificed after 77 days. The obtained results indicated that, the osteoarthritis positive control group showed a significant decrease nutritional values and non significant difference of FER and showed a significant increase in serum levels of C- reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR1 & ESR2) and albumin / globulin ratio but showed a significant decrease in total protein, albumin, globulin and antioxidant enzymes in knee joint tissue compared with normal and GLAS groups. The osteoarthritis rat groups treated with glucosamine sulfate (T.GLAS) and ginger water extract (T.GR) showed significant increase of nutritional values total protein and albumin , and significant decrease in CRP, ESR1 and ESR2 and compared to positive control group. The osteoarthritis rat group which treated with both glucosamine and ginger (T.GLAS+ T. GR) showed a significant improvement of nutritional values and appear within normal, significant decrease in CRP, ESR1 and ESR2 compared with positive control group. All treated groups had a significant higher values of the tested antioxidants enzymes and lower value of MDA compared to positive group without reach the levels of normal control group.
The biochemical changes were confirmed with histopathological examination of knee joint, revealed that osteoarthritis rat treated with dose of glucosamine sulfate, water extract of ginger and both ginger with glucosamine were shown a very small recovery of knee joint, with small necrosis in cartilage surface. It can be concluded that the administration of glucosamine sulfate and water extract of ginger could ameliorate most the biochemical parameters. Dietary supplements of ginger with glucosamine are recommended to improve the antioxidant status of knee joint health.
Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Monosodium iodoacetate, Glucosamine sulfate, Ginger. Extract, rats