Background: Worldwide, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common neonatal disorder. Aim: The study aimed to assess perception of mothers regarding their neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Research design: Descriptive study design was utilized to conduct the study. Setting: The study was conducted in Neonatal Follow-up Clinics and Immunization Clinics at Benha University Hospitals, Family Health Care Center and Central Hospital in Al-Shouhada City. Sample: A purposive sample was used to conduct the study, included (300) mothers who fulfill the inclusive criteria. Tools: There were four tools used in the study. Tool (I): Structured interviewing questionnaire that includes socio–demographic data and current obstetrics history. Tools(II): Assessment of mother's knowledge regarding neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Tools (III): Self_report practices regarding neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and tool (IV): Modified Likert Scale to assess attitude of mothers regarding neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Results: Less than three-quarters of the studied women had poor knowledge regarding neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, majority of mothers had unsatisfactory self-report practices and minority of them had satisfactory self-report practices. About two-thirds the studied women had negative attitude regarding neonatal hyperbilirubinemia . Conclusion: The studied women had poor knowledge and negative attitude regarding neonatal hyperbilrubinemia especially among primipara. Regarding self_report practices of mothers, majority of mothers had unsatisfactory self-report practices and minority of them had satisfactory self-report practices Recommendedations: Targeted public enlightenment and educational program should be done to improve the level of awareness regarding neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.