This review summaries several studies on the emission and performance characteristics of biodiesel, as well as the various proportions of diesel blended with biodiesel, in an oil burner in terms of the specific fuel type that can be used, types of emissions such as NOx, CO, soot, and CO2, and other operating conditions that can be used to improve the performance of the biodiesel burner system. A brief description of the production of biodiesel, as well as its physical and chemical properties, is presented at the outset. Biodiesel has emerged as the most promising replacement diesel fuel. Because of its renewable origin, the availability of current production technology, biodegradability, high combustion efficiency, the potential for sustainability, economic viability, environmental friendliness, and chemical and physical qualities identical to regular diesel oil. The experimental setup used in various investigations and their results related to performance and emissions with respect to biodiesel and different mixing ratios of it with diesel, as well as methods for maximizing the benefit of it in the combustion applications of industrial burners, have been presented in brief to a large number of studies. The emission and performance characteristics of a biodiesel burner system demonstrated unequivocally that biodiesel fuel may be a viable renewable alternative energy source for a burner system.