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137415

COVID-19; Immunology, pathology, severity and immunosuppressants

Article

Last updated: 04 Jan 2025

OverviewSimilar Items

Subjects

-

Tags

Microbiology and Immunology

Abstract

As most COVID-19 patients show mild to moderate symptoms; 15% suffer from severe respiratory symptoms, and 5% develop acute respiratory distress syndrome which may be associated with multiple organ failure. The highly virulent SARS-CoV-2 affects organs, other than lungs, such as brain, kidney, cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract. This review highlights the relation between SARS-CoV-2 and organ involvement. SARS-CoV-2 causes the cytokine storm and damage of the lung cells with activation of NF-κB, hence the damage may reach other organs that leads to death in some cases. The current review discusses the factors affecting COVID-19 severity including the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 with the associated cytokine storm, smoking, gender and blood group. This review discusses also genetic factors associated with severe COVID-19 cases, alongside with comorbid diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Also, this review focuses on the effect of immunosuppressants and antirheumatic drugs on the protection and treatment of severe COVID-19 cases.

DOI

10.21608/aijpms.2021.50103.1005

Keywords

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Immunology, severity, immunosuppressants, Cytokine Storm, Genetic

Authors

First Name

Mennat-Allah

Last Name

Safwat

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Email

mennat-allahabdalslam5928@azhar.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Ayman

Last Name

Abdul-Rahman

MiddleName

Reda

Affiliation

Radiology Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt

Email

ayman_182_1@afcm.edu.eg

City

cairo

Orcid

-

First Name

Hagar

Last Name

Forsan

MiddleName

Fathy

Affiliation

Dairy Chemistry Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt

Email

hagarfathy@pg.cu.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

0000-0002-5571-5594

First Name

Rihan

Last Name

Abduljabar

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Phytochemistry Department, Scientific Research Center, Soran University, Iraq

Email

rsa720h@src.soran.edu.iq

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Omnia

Last Name

Riad

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Email

dr_omniakarem@azhar.edu.eg

City

cairo

Orcid

0000-0001-8950-7518

Volume

1

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

20376

Issue Date

2021-01-01

Receive Date

2020-11-21

Publish Date

2021-01-01

Page Start

1

Page End

12

Print ISSN

2735-4598

Online ISSN

2735-4601

Article File

AIJPMS_Volume 1_Issue 1_Pages 1-12.pdf

PDF . 571.8kB

Link

https://aijpms.journals.ekb.eg/article_137415.html

Detail API

https://aijpms.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=137415

Order

1

Type

Review Articles

Type Code

1,563

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Azhar International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

Publication Link

https://aijpms.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

COVID-19; Immunology, pathology, severity and immunosuppressants

Details

Type

Article

Created At

23 Jan 2023