The current research emerges from the fact that the topography, history, and archaeology of the Great Fayoum Depression have been controlled over time by its hydrology. it aims to figure out the archaeological and/or the philological evidences that confirm whether water entry to the depression during the dynastic period of the Egyptian history was artificial. Qualitative approach was used in this paper to investigate the research question and documentation was used as a method to collect and analyze secondary data. Results proposed some evidences which confirm that the entry of water to the Fayoum was never artificial before the beginning of the 12^th Dynasty.