Abstract: Background: Sleep during the postpartum period may be hindered by a number of biological, psychological and social stressors associated with motherhood. These stressors include physical changes such as a drop in postpartum hormones and social factors including support and infant care. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between postpartum primiparous sleep quality and self-care. Method: A descriptive correlational research design was utilized. Sample: A convenience sample of 100 postpartum women was selected. Settings:  The study was conducted at the postpartum unit at Menoufia University Hospital and Shebin El-kom Teaching Hospital at Shebin El-kom. Instruments: An interviewing questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep quality Index (PSQI) and Orem self-care Guidelines Checklist were used. Results: There was positive statistically significant difference between sleep quality and self-care. Conclusion: There was positive statistically significant correlation between sleep quality and self-care. Recommendations: Training sessions to the primiparous women about how to apply Orem self-care to improve their sleep quality should be provided.