Background: Fever is a common childhood health problem. Meanwhile, nursing research suggests that management of children with fever is not based on updated scientific evidence. For this reason, Purpose of the study: To assess the effect of an evidence- based protocol for childhood fever management on quality of care provided by nurses. Setting: The study was conducted in Pediatric Medical Department and Pediatric intensive care unit in Menoufia University Hospital. Research design: A quasi experimental (pre and post) was utilized to conduct the study. Sample: All nurses (48 nurses) who were working in the previously mentioned settings were included in this study. Instruments: Two instruments were used. Instrument one was structured interviewing questionnaire. Instrument two was nurses' clinical performance observational checklist. Results: Nurses had higher mean of knowledge level about definition of fever on posttest compared to pretest (38.2±2.8 Vs 21.3±6.8). Also, they had higher level of practices related to fever management on posttest than pretest (45.1±2.1 Vs 11.1±1.3) Conclusion: Implementation of an evidence- based protocol improved quality of care related to fever management. Recommendations: The study recommended that ongoing in-service education programs about evidence- based fever management must be designed and implemented in all pediatric departments and pediatric intensive care units to improve quality of care provided by nurses for children having fever.