Pneumonia is the leading cause of death, killing up to five million under five years age annually in developing countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a nursing care protocol on the duration of hospitalization of children with pneumonia. A quasi-expermintal design was used. The study was conducted in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Medical Word at Meet Khalaf Chest Hospital, Shebin El-Kom city. A convenient sample of 40 nurses in the above mentioned setting was included. Two instruments were used for data collection. A structured interview questionnaire and an observational checklist were used. Results revealed that nurses gained more knowledge and better practices on posttest (80.55±3.1) than on pretest (64.07±5.97). Also, there was a positive correlation between nurses knowledge, practices and duration of hospitalization. As well as the duration of hospitalization of children with pneumonia was reduced after implementation of the nursing care protocol (1,900+.900 ) Vs (3.67+ .572). It was concluded that, the period of hospitalization of children with pneumonia was reduced following the application of the nursing care protocol. Therefore, it was recommended that the nursing care protocol for pneumonia should be available for all nurses and should be a part of their contining nursing education to ensure the provision of high quality of nursing care and lower length of hospitalization.