Background: Learning needs during hospitalization differ from that during discharge and those during self-caring at home. Assessment of learning needs can help in responding such needs and affects patients' lifestyle. Aim of the study: Assess learning needs for patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Study design: A descriptive research design was followed in this study. Study subjects: A convenient sample composed of 106 adult patients who met inclusion criteria were included in this study. Setting: The study was carried out at Urology and Nephrology Center- Mansoura University. Tool of the study: One tool was used for data collection. A structured questionnaire was developed by the researcher included two parts socio-demographic data and disease history and learning needs assessment section in four categories (Patients' knowledge regarding nature of the disease,Patients knowledgebefore percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Patient knowledge after percutaneous nephrolithotomy and Post discharge patients' knowledge). Results: The result revealed that (38.7 %) of patients' were in age group from 51 to 60 years, (67.0 %) were females and (43.4 %) were illiterate. Result also showed that all studied percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients had poor knowledge in all investigated domains. Conclusions: All studied percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients have learning needs in all investigated domains. Recommendations: Patients learning needs should be assessed by nurses constantly and progressively. Simple booklet written in Arabic language should be available for all percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients included all needed information.