Although Sudan market imports of Egyptian citrus account for about 70.26%, Egypt is not the main market for Sudan's agricultural exports, and Chile ranks first in the world in exporting citrus to the Sudan market followed by South Africa, despite the proximity of the distance between Egypt and Sudan, and this study may be due to the following:
The high cost of transporting the unit from citrus, especially oranges, from Egypt to Sudan. The efficiency of customs procedures is weak and the time of the citrus exit from the Port of Sudan increases by about 10 days, increasing the chances of damage to the exported commodity. Sudan's basic foreign trade infrastructure is concentrated in the Red Sea, thus easier trade in eastern Sudan, where it is closest to the shipping lines of South Africa and Chile. Land ports between Egypt and Sudan (northern border) are weak, so the chances of successful orange exports without damage are low.