Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clear risk factor for stroke. Furthermore, di­abetes has been shown to be a strong determinant for the presence of multiple lacunar infarcts in stroke patients. There has been a recent ap­preciation that peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptors (PPARs) and their ligands may play an important role in the brain. An increasing num­ber of studies have reported on the effects of PPAR agonists in animal models of neurological damage and disease, including the excitatory dam­age that occurs in stroke. The PPARy agonist, rosiglitazone, a synthetic li-gand of the thiazolidinedione class was currently used as an antidiabetic agent because of its insulin-
sensitizing effect. So, the purpose of this study was to determine whether rosigiitazone may be neuroprotective in a model of permanent focal cerer-bral ischemia in diabetic rats. Meth­ods: This study was carried on 96 al­bino rats. Rats were divided into 8 equal groups: Group (1): Control group, Group (2): Diabetic control group, Group (3): Non-treated is-chemic group, Group (4): Diabetic and non-treated sham operated group, Group (5): Diabetic and non-treated permanent left middle cere­bral artery occlusion group, Group < /p>
(6): Treated ischemic group, Group < /p>
(7): Diabetic and treated sham oper­ated group, Group (8): Diabetic and treated permanent middle cerebral ar­tery occlusion group.