Housing is an economic, social and cultural right that should be readily available in all inhabited areas, and this right has been enshrined as an international human right. Affordable housing should be safe and comfortable, meet all of the needs and wants of current and future residents, be able to be owned at the lowest cost, be of the best possible quality and be able to be lived in at the lowest possible cost. Housing units that meet a set minimum standard for living and are owned or rented by persons below a certain income level are considered to be affordable housing. Therefore, a unit meeting the requirements for affordable housing is the primary criterion for determining whether the housing is affordable or not. In some cases, housing costs may be affordable, but middle-income families are still unable to obtain the kind of housing that meets the minimum levels of quality that they require.
The purpose of this research paper was to study components of the housing units of middle-income real estate projects and analyse them to help in achieving the principles of cost reduction. The results can help interested proponents design residential units by considering a variety of elements, such as architectural spaces, sustainability, the number of occupants per unit and other aspects of housing. This study recommends increasing housing densities that reduce costs, developing flexible and straightforward architectural designs, lowering construction costs, increasing funding for housing and creating additional housing legislation.