Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive non inflammatory bilateral (but usually asymmetric) ectatic corneal disease characterized by stromal weakening and paraxial thinning that results in disruption of the corneal surface. Visual loss occurs due to irregular astigmatism and myopia, and due to secondary causes as corneal scarring.
The reported incidence ranges from 1.3 to 25 per 100,000 per year across different populations ,and a prevelance of 8.8-229 per 100,000
Keratoconus could be associated by several diseases such as connective tissue disorders and has a potential association with Ehlers-Danlos'& Floppy eyelid syndromes as well as vernal keratoconjunctivitis. genetic predisposition along with the environmental factors are required to trigger progressive keratoconus.
The condition often first manifests within the second decade of life, whereas some conditions might appear in adolescence. The disease worsens over time and typically stabilises by the 4th decade of life.
anterior segment imaging teqniques have been progressed quickly. Those teqniques have significantly improved the understanding and criteria of the anatomic as well as the physiologic alterations that happen in keratoconus disease progression.