This form of diabetes accounts for ~90-95% of those with diabetes, previously referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes or adult-onset diabetes, these patients present with a combination of varying degrees of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, and it is likely that both contribute to type 2 diabetes.
Maternal physiology during pregnancy, is primarily influenced by placental hormones. The maternal response is characterized by a switch from carbohydrate to fat utilization that is facilitated by both insulin resistance and increased plasma concentrations of lipolytic hormones.
The major potential complications of fetus among women with pregestational diabetes are congenital malformations, spontaneous abortion, and macrosomia
Although. Maternal complication in women with pregestational diabetes are diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy.
Management of Diabetes Mellitus During Pregnancy done by assessing the glycemic control and intake the medical therapy which are insulin in form of premixed insulin, NPH, basal bolus insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent.
AIM OF THE WORK
To compare the results three different lines of treatment for pregestational type 2 diabetes with pregnancy that includes:
1. metformin.
2. premixed insulin.
3. basal bolus regimen without oral hypoglycemic.
4. Control group: NPH