 Placental transfusion is a process in which residual placental blood is transferred to the baby within the first few seconds to minutes of life, and can be accomplished through three different methods: delayed cord clamping (DCC), intact umbilical cord milking (I-UCM), and cut-umbilical cord milking (C-UCM).
 Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality worldwide. In preterm, fetal cardiovascular and pulmonary systems are immature, resulting in limited ability to go through the transition to extra uterine life adequately.
 Transition is a time of dynamic physiological changes that allow fetal circulatory blood flow undergoes abrupt changes allowing transition to extra uterine life and survival. Care providers for preterm infants can improve care they provide and minimize mortality and morbidity rates by understanding preterm infants' unique transition to extra uterine life.
 Neonatal echocardiography is frequently used to assess the structure and function of the heart continuously and in real time, which makes it ideal for bedside monitoring hemodynamics in neonates.
 Superior vena cava (SVC) flow is a good indicator of neonatal transition. SVC flow is a measure of cardiac input and is not affected by the presence of fetal shunts. As a result, this is a useful measure of systemic blood flow in the newborn heart.
 The pathogenesis of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is believed to be associated with hypo-perfusion reperfusion injury of the immature brain. IVH has been associated with low SVC flow on day one of life in extremely preterm infants.