Diabetes mellitus (DM) comprises a group of disorders of carbohydrate and fat metabolism manifesting hyperglycemia. Diabetic retinopathy is a micro‌angiopathy resulting from the chronic effects of the disease, retinal vascular changes dominate the clinical manifestations of disease and are directly implicated in the macular edema and neovascularization that represent the principal causes of vision loss. cataract develops and progresses more frequently, rapidly, and at an earlier age in patients with diabetes. Diabetic ME seems to be the most common reason of poor visual outcomes in diabetic patients after cataract surgery. Anti-VEGF is the current first-line therapy for CI-DME. Steroids are a suitable treatment option for DME, due to their anti-inflammatory properties. Intracameral dexamethasone injection appears to be an effective and safe practice to be adopted in any diabetic patient undergoing cataract surgery.
AIM OF THE WORK:
The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of intracameral dexamethasone 0.4 mg/0.1 ml injection at the conclusion of cataract surgery extraction to diabetic patients with diabetic macular edema on the central macular thickness (calculated by preoperative and postoperative OCT) to the effect of intravitreal Ranibizumab injection at the conclusion of cataract extraction surgery to diabetic patients with diabetic macular edema on the central macular thickness (calculated by preoperative and postoperative OCT).