Glaucoma is a major cause of irreversible visual morbidity worldwide. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type of glaucoma. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is characterized by a progressive degeneration of RGC and their axons resulting in a characteristic appearance of the optic disc resulting in cupping of the optic nerve head and visual field loss. Vascular dysregulation with reduced perfusion of the optic nerve head is considered the risk factors for the development and progression of glaucoma. It is generally asymptomatic until late in the disease when the central vision is affected. Therefore early detection and appropriate treatment is essential. Glaucoma diagnosis requires frequent longitudinal monitoring and detection of progressive damage over time. OCT and OCTA have become the gold standard for detecting early structural and vascular glaucomatous damage, with high reproducibility and reliability to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of glaucoma and detection of glaucomatous progression.