• Egypt ranks ninth among the top ten countries in terms of the number of adults with diabetes, with current figures of 8.9 million expected to rise to 11.9 million by 2030, and 16.9 million by 2045.
• Obesity is now well acknowledged to promote a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, which is shown by increased adipose tissue production of cytokines and proinflammatory adipokines.
• B-cell failure and insulin resistance in T2D include ER stress, oxidative stress, and. The majority of these mechanisms have been linked to inflammation, either because they cause a (local) inflammatory response or because they are a result of inflammation. Inflammation has a negative impact on b-cell function.
• The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of clinical conditions that include s central/abdominal obesity, systemic hypertension, insulin resistance (or type 2 diabetes mellitus), and atherogenic dyslipidemia.
• WC used as a paremeter for obesity in MetS critaria
WC>102 cm for men and >88cm for women
• There is established link between the metabolic syndrome and inflammation. Evidence shows that monocyte derived macrophages concentrate in adipose tissue and may be a source proinflammatory mediators.
• T2DM and obesity appears to contribute to metabolic endotoxemia by many mechanisms.
• LPS-binding protein (LBP) has been utilised as a metabolic endotoxemia marker.