The number of drug dependents/users across the world has risen, Tramadol abuse has dramatically increased in the Middle East region, especially in Egypt, it acts as a central analgesic that works as a weak μ-opioid agonist, norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor, a lot of studies had investigated the anxiolytic and antidepressant effect of mu-opioid receptor agonists mean while anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder constitute the largest group of psychiatric disorders, arising from dysregulation of brain circuits and neurotransmitters including serotonin and norepinephrine and According to multiple studies there have been correlation between anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder and substance use disorders.
AIM OF THE WORK:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the comorbidity of different anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder among patients with tramadol use disorder and dependence visiting to different health care facilities in Alexandria including El-Hadara university Hospital, Mamoura hospital and different private hospitals.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Subjects:
The study was carried out among 150 patients with tramadol use disorder (confirmed by a multiple drug screening test) with exclusion of patients with active intake of other substances particularly cannabis and stimulant drugs, patients with past history of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and patients with withdrawal or intoxication symptoms.