Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, with developing countries accounting for 75 percent of cases. It has a reported incidence of 7.9 per 100,000 women, with an overall 5-year relative survival of 90.9 percent for patients with local stage disease and 16.1 percent for patients with advanced stage disease, respectively.
Almost all 99.7 percent cervical cancer cases are caused by a persistent infection with a high-risk type of HPV. There are 15 high-risk (oncogenic) HPV strains, with just two, 16 and 18, accounting for 70 percent of all cervical cancers.
HPV immunization can prevent up to 70 percent of HPV-related cervical cancer cases and 90 percent of genital warts.
MRI is now widely recognized and used as the most reliable imaging modality for assessing tumor volume, parametrial invasion, and metastases to regional lymph nodes and adjacent pelvic organs.
In recent years, researchers have looked into the role of ultrasound (TVUS) in the staging of cervical cancer. In comparison to MRI, the US has the advantages of being less expensive, noninvasive, and widely available