A macular hole is a full-thickness retinal tissue defect involving anatomical fovea and, in particular, foveola in the eye.
The inverted ILM flap technique prevents a macular hole from appearing flat-open post-operatively and increases both the functional and anatomical results of vitrectomy for macular holes with a diameter greater than 400 μm. Spectral optical coherence tomography with the inverted ILM flap technique after vitrectomy suggests improved foveal anatomy relative to regular surgery.
Dissociated optic nerve fiber layer (DONFL) appearance is defined as arcuate retinal striae along the optic nerve fibers in the macular region. Is associated with ILM peeling, with visual acuity, visual field testing, and SLO microperimetry showed no abnormalities. The authors propose that the presence of DONFL could be secondary to mere movement of optic nerve fibers rather than degradation due to loss of support for Müller cells or postoperative regenerative processes of Müller cells or astrocytes. The correspondent image on B-scan OCT is seen as “dimples" in the inner retinal layers that seem to be the result of an interplay between trauma and healing processes constrained by nerve fiber layer and it is not associated with adverse effects on the visual function, as detected by visual acuity and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy microperimetry.