The soil algal flora of some cultivated soils with different plants in addition to edaphic and physico-chemical characters of soils were studied at Beni Suef Governorate. A total of 117 species were identified, 52 of them belonging to Cyanophyta; 35 to Bacillariophyta; 27 to Chlorophyta; 2 to Euglenophyta and only one species of Xanthophyta. The cyanobacterial algae were more abundant being widely distributed at all the studied sites than the algal members. They represented 43% of the total algal population in all soil samples with predominance of Oscillatoria amphibia C.A. Agardh (2.95%); O. granulata (2.02%) and O. angustissima (1.75%).