The soil algal flora of some soils cultivated with different plants (Potato, Broad bean, Clover wheat and Barley) at El-Minia area, in addition to the physico-chemical characters was studied during October 2001. Five algal groups were recorded throughout this study, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta and Chrysophyta. Cyanophyta dominated the algal taxa in all soil sampled. A total of 102 algal species were identified in all the sampled soils during this investigation. Out of these, 29 species belonged to the Chlorophyta, 25 to the Bacillariophyta, 44 to the Cyanophyta, two to Euglenophyta and two to Chrysophyta. Six algal taxa were dominated, Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Nitzschia, Gyrosigma, Lyngbya , and Nostoc. It seemed probable that the organic carbon content of the soil together with carbonate are the two highly effective factors in controlling abundance and distribution of soil algae in the investigation sites.