The algal flora of some cultivated soils in addition to edaphic and physico-chemical characters of sols were extensively studied at four different locations in Gharbia Governorate during the period from April 1995 to March 1996. From the total count recorded (218 species) it was found that 143 species belong to cyanophyta, 60 species to chlorophyta, 13 species to Bacillariophyta and 2 species to Euglenophyta. The cyanophyta was frequently encountered constituting 65.5% of the total algal poulations of all soil samples, with predominance of filamentous oscillatoroid forms (Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Lyngbya and Nostoc). Unicellular and colonial coccoid forms mostly represented chlorophyta, constituting 27.5% of the total recorded algal population. The results also revealed that soil and algal variables varied markedly between locations. Thus, the most soil variables, soil moiture, organic matter, total organic nitrogen, carbonates, silt, clay, Na⁺, Ca⁺² and Cl^- ions) were correlated with cyanobacterial growth in the studied locations. Whereas, the occurance of Cholrophyta species was correlated with the most previously mentioned variables in addition to phosphorous. AT the same time, the growth of Bacillariophyta species was correlated with moisture content, pH value, carbonates, sulphates and phosphorous. While, euglenophytes were dependent on organic matter, silt, clay, total N, Na⁺ and K⁺ ions in their maintenance.