Discharge coefficient and energy losses due to bridge piers with upstream sloped
noses have been investigated for open channels of different bed slopes under different flow
conditions. In the theoretical study, the dimensional analysis, the energy equation and the
continuity equation were employed. The analysis of the experimental data led to practical
recommendations and charts applicable for the design of bridge waterways have been developed.
improving the flow characteristics. The study comprises a theoretical approach to the problem
and experimental investigations of the
significance of the flow parameters on the
phenomena under consideration