Since 2001 an interdisciplinary team of archaeologists and geographers from the universities of Gent (Belgium), Evora (Portugal) and Cassino (Italy) has organized several campaigns of geo-archaeological fieldwork in and around the Roman town site of Ammaia in Northern Alentejo (Portugal, figure 1). These investigations aimed at achieving a better understanding of the town/countryside nexus in Antiquity as well as of Man's effects on the landscape during the ancient Roman times. Particular geo-archaeological questions that were dealt with include; the topographic setting and site location choices by the Romans, water provisioning and exploitation of important natural resources such as building stone (granite, marble), metal ore and rock crystal.