Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a very common neurotoxic side effect of chemotherapeutics. Aim of the work: To display the importance of Magnetic resonance imaging in early detection of the chemotherapeutic induced neurotoxicity. Patients & Methods: Fifty cancer patients (12 females and 38 males), their age ranged from 2 to 61 years on chemotherapy having neurological manifestations. Magnetic resonance imaging was
performed to evaluate the radiological findings of neurological manifestations. Results: 31 cases were found to have Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, while the others 19 cases showed other complications. Conclusion: MRI showed an important role in detecting PRES in cancer patients due to chemotherapeutics.