Background: Endometrium examination by Ultrasound is commonly used to assess the endometrial receptivity during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Aim of the work: To evaluate the role of pulsatility index (PI) of uterine artery blood flow during IVF-ET cycles in prediction of pregnancy rate. Patients & Methods: A prospective study was conducted at
Maternity Hospital of Ain Shams University in cooperation with the department of Radiodiagnosis. It included 400 females, diagnosed as infertility for ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection) trial. The uterine artery parameters (PI & RI) and endometrial thickness were measured by 2D Doppler ultrasound on the day of embryo transfer. ICSI_ET led to 193 clinical pregnancies with multiple pregnancies in 38 cases. The pregnancy rate was 48.25% with application of the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) long protocol, and the implantation rate was 30% of (N=120 cases). The 193 intrauterine
pregnancies were classified as the pregnant group (P); the other 207 cases were classified as the non pregnant group (NP). Results: There was statistically significant difference as regards pregnancy outcome in the sub-endometrial blood flow PI (p value 0.01) which is lower in pregnant group (P) than non pregnant ones (NP). However there was no statistically significant difference as regards the mean midcycle endometrial thickness in pregnant group (P) were 11.35 and that of non pregnant group (NP) was 10.8 with P value (0. 62). Conclusion: Midluteal phase of females with unexplained infertility have been shown to be of some value in predicting pregnancy rates.